Apakah GNU itu?

Proyek GNU diluncurkan pada tahun 1984 untuk mengembangkan – sebuah sistem operasi lengkap serupa Unix – yang berbasis perangkat lunak bebas (PLB): yaitu sistem GNU.

Kernel GNU tidak pernah rampung, sehingga GNU menggunakan kernel Linux. Kombinasi GNU dan Linux merupakan sistem operasi GNU/Linux, yang kini digunakan secara meluas. Terkadang, kombinasi ini secara keliru disebut Linux.

Dewasa ini terdapat berbagai varian “distribusi” GNU/Linux. Kami menyarankan Distribusi GNU/Linux yang 100% Perangkat Lunak Bebas, atau dengan kata lain, sepenuhnya menghargai kebebasan.

GNU merupakan singkatan rekursif dari “GNU's Not Unix” (GNU bukan Unix); serta dilafalkan ge-nuu.

Apakah Perangkat Lunak Bebas itu?

“Perangkat Lunak Bebas” (Free Software) itu terkait dengan kebebasan, bukan harga. Agar lebih memahami konsep ini, perhatikan kata “bebas” dalam “mimbar bebas” dan bukan dalam “minuman bebas/gratis”

Perangkat Lunak Bebas berhubungan dengan kebebasan para pengguna untuk menjalankan (run), menyalin (copy), mengedarkan (distribute), mempelajari (study), mengubah (change), serta memperbaiki (improve) perangkat lunak. Lebih tepatnya, hal ini merujuk ke empat jenis kebebasan, untuk para pengguna perangkat lunak:

* Kebebasan untuk menjalankan program, untuk keperluan apa pun (kebebasan 0).

* Kebebasan untuk mempelajari cara kerja program, serta mengadaptasikan sesuai dengan keperluan (kebebasan 1). Prasyarat kebebasan ini ialah akses terhadap kode sumber (source code) program.

* Kebebasan untuk mengedarkan perangkat lunak, sehingga dapat membantu yang membutuhkan (kebebasan 2).

* Kebebasan untuk memperbaiki program, serta mengedarkan perbaikan tersebut kepada masyarakat, sehingga bermanfaat bagi semua (kebebasan 3). Prasyarat kebebasan ini ialah akses terhadap kode sumber program.

Apakah Free Software Foundation itu?

Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas (FSF – The Free Software Foundation) merupakan sponsor utama dari proyek GNU. FSF menerima sedikit sekali sumbangan dana dari kalangan perusahaan atau organisasi donatur lainnya, sehingga sangat tergantung dari bantuan perorangan seperti anda.

Pertimbangkan untuk membantu FSF dengan menjadi anggota asosiasi, atau dengan membeli manual/lainnya atau dengan memberikan sumbangan. Jika bisnis/usaha anda menggunakan Perangkat Lunak Bebas, mohon untuk mempertimbangkan membantu dengan cara menjadi penyumbang tetap atau memesan distribusi istimewa dari perangkat lunak GNU.

Proyek GNU mendukung misi FSF untuk melestarikan, melindungi, serta mempromosikan kebebasan menggunakan, mempelajari, mengubah, dan mengedarkan perangkat lunak komputer, serta mempertahankan hak para pengguna perangkat lunak bebas. Kami mendukung kebebasan berbicara, pers, berserikat di Internet, hak untuk mengunakan perangkat lunak yang dapat melakukan enkripsi untuk komunikasi pribadi, serta hak untuk menulis perangkat lunak, yang terlepas dari monopoli pribadi. Silakan mempelajari lebih lanjut hal ini pada buku Free Software, Free Society.

Organisasi serupa dan setujuan FSF juga terdapat di Eropa, Amerika Latin dan India.

What is GNU?

The GNU Project was launched in 1984 to develop a complete Unix-like operating system which is free software: the GNU system.

GNU's kernel wasn't finished, so GNU is used with the kernel Linux. The combination of GNU and Linux is the GNU/Linux operating system, now used by millions. (Sometimes this combination is incorrectly called Linux.)

There are many variants or “distributions” of GNU/Linux. We recommend the GNU/Linux distributions that are 100% free software; in other words, entirely freedom-respecting.

The name “GNU” is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix”; it is pronounced g-noo, as one syllable with no vowel sound between the g and the n.
What is Free Software?

“Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech”, not as in “free beer”.

Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it refers to four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:

* The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).
* The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
* The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2).
* The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.

What is the Free Software Foundation?

The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is the principal organizational sponsor of the GNU Project. The FSF receives very little funding from corporations or grant-making foundations but relies on support from individuals like you.

Please consider helping the FSF by becoming an associate member, buying manuals and gear or by donating money. If you use Free Software in your business, you can also consider corporate patronage or a deluxe distribution of GNU software as a way to support the FSF.

The GNU project supports the mission of the FSF to preserve, protect and promote the freedom to use, study, copy, modify, and redistribute computer software, and to defend the rights of Free Software users. We support the freedoms of speech, press, and association on the Internet, the right to use encryption software for private communication, and the right to write software unimpeded by private monopolies. You can also learn more about these issues in the book Free Software, Free Society.

The FSF also has sister organizations in Europe, Latin America and India.

Tema September

Bulan September ini ada 2 kegiatan besar menyangkut Free Open Source Software.

Yang pertama adalah ulang tahun ke-3 dari aplikasi CMS yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu Joomla!
Joomla! pertamakali di rilis tanggal 17 September 2005. Jadi tahun ini adalah ulang tahun yang ke-tiga. Meski demikian, Jommla! telah menjadi sang juara di kelas CMS.

Makassar Free Open Source Society mengucapkan "Happy 3rd Birthday to Joomla!".

Artikelnya bisa dibaca di sini.

Event ke-dua adalah Software Freedom Day yang selalu dilaksanakan pada tanggal 20 September setiap tahun.
Tahun lalu kita mendaftar untuk pelaksanaan kegiatan, namun karena satu dan lain hal belum mampu dilaksanakan. Tahun ini, rencananya teman-teman aktifis FOSS (Free Open Source Software) di Universitas Hasanuddin utamanya POSS Unhas dan ICT Center FK Unhas bekerja sama dengan KPLI Makassar (LUGU) dan Ubuntu SubLoco Makassar akan melaksanakan kegiatan dalam rangka Software Freedom Day ini.
Mudah-mudahan dapat terlaksana.

Berhemat dengan Open Source Software

Sekedar hitung-hitungan sederhana.
BBM akan naik lagi. Kehidupan mayoritas masyarakat yang sudah susah, akan semakin susah lagi. Belum lagi efek domino dari kenaikan BBM ini.
Minyak tanah susah. Beras mahal. Bensin naik. Biaya transport menjulang.
Semua biaya dan ongkos hidup naik. Pendapatan masyarakat, hampir tak bertambah.
Subsidi untuk membantu masyarakat dianggap membebani cost pemerintah, namun banyak pos-pos biaya pemerintah yang sebenarnya tak penting, malah tidak di hemat.

Dari sisi IT, tengoklah berapa biaya yang dikeluarkan pemerintah untuk belanja komputer? (Biasanya include dengan softwarenya. Bisa dipastikan softwarenya produk Microsoft).


Kalau pake OSS, berapa kira-kira penghematannya yah ?
Biaya penggunaan produk berbayar (lisensi komersil):
OS Windows + MS Office + editor grafis = 875.000 + 800.000 + 8.500.000 =Rp. 10.175.000
(ini masih kira-kira) dikalikan berapa puluh juta unit komputer ?
Biaya OSS adalah:
OSS (OS + Office + editor grafis) =Rp. 50.000 (ongkos duplikasi OS dan repositori)

Perunit komputer kita bisa menghemat Rp. 10.125.000
Jika dibelikan raskin Rp.10.125.000/2000=5087,5 KG
Jika satu keluarga perbulan habis 10 kg, maka bisa dibagikan secara gratis kepada 509 keluarga.
Penghematan yang lumayan kan ?

Best of open source software awards: Platforms and middleware

Best of open source software awards: Platforms and middleware
Bossie winners for server and desktop operating system, enterprise service bus, database, database admin tool, data migration, and desktop and server virtualization

By Doug Dineley

August 5, 2008

The InfoWorld Bossies are chosen annually by Test Center editors, analysts, and reviewers. The winners represent the best free and open source software we've used. In platforms and middleware, our choices can be credited to contributing editors James R. Borck, Victor R. Garza, Rick Grehan, Martin Heller, Randall Kennedy, Neil McAllister, and Paul Venezia.
Got an open source favorite we missed? Please send us a note.

Server Operating System
CentOS
FreeBSD and OpenSolaris always enter the discussion, but our number one open source operating system has to be Linux… and our server has to be CentOS. In a nutshell, CentOS is the source code of Red Hat Enterprise Linux provided under a different label, without the maintenance and support of Red Hat, and consequently, without the cost of a Red Hat support contract. For Linux admins who don’t need that support, and there are more than a few, CentOS amounts to a free and unadulterated version of RHEL, and users can count on updates that follow quickly in the wake of Red Hat’s changes.

Enterprise Service Bus
JBossESB
Part of the JBoss Enterprise SOA Platform that combines process orchestration supporting BPEL and jBPM, security and registry services, and the Drools rules engine, JBossESB bolsters integration and service mediation with transformation and content-based routing, business rules and policy management, and both service- and human-based workflow. There’s room for improvement in areas like adapters and change management, and some of the SOA suite’s functionality currently requires third-party add-ons. But JBoss plans to fill out the package with its own efforts, and the group is already busy working on its messaging underpinnings with JBM 2.0 performance enhancements in development.

Database
MySQL
While SQLite3 is extremely convenient for development and testing databases, and PostgreSQL has powerful Generalized Search Tree indexes and is very close to being enterprise-ready, MySQL is the choice for many Web sites thanks to its excellent read performance, transparent support for large text and binary objects, and incredibly easy administration. Stored procedures, functions, triggers, and updateable views were added to MySQL in version 5, overcoming the largest technical objections to its deployment at many sites. MySQL also has a large, helpful user base, and some poster-child deployments including eBay, Yahoo!, and Craigslist.

MySQL Administration
phpMyAdmin
If you want to manage MySQL over the Internet, then phpMyAdmin is your tool. Designed for the creation and administration of MySQL databases, it covers the gamut from mundane MySQL administration tasks and managing users and permissions to executing SQL statements and more advanced SQL management. It can also gather server and database statistics. For PostgreSQL, phpPgAdmin is a Web-based administration tool that does similar wonders for the administrator.

Small-Footprint OS
Puppy Linux
Puppy Linux packs a remarkable amount of capability into a small area. The current release, 4.0, is available in a bootable ISO image that's less than 90 megabytes. It easily fits on -- and can boot from -- a USB pendrive. It can also boot from CD-ROM or of course a hard drive. It's a fine candidate if you want to run Linux within a VM (like VirtualBox) on your Windows system. Puppy loads entirely into RAM, so applications execute with surprising speed.

Data Migration
Jitterbit
For data migration headaches, we used to keep a bottle of our favorite over-the-counter painkiller handy. And then we found Jitterbit, which makes short work of moving data from one format to another, even where very large datasets are concerned. The UI is simple, portable “Jitterpaks” encourage sharing mechanisms among users, and a testing tool lets you know immediately whether the current settings for a source, an operation, or a target are valid or invalid. Add it all together, and Jitterbit easily moves ahead of other open source products in the space.

Desktop Operating System
Ubuntu
With Ubuntu 8.04, aka Hardy Heron, the best Linux desktop gets even better. Between a new kernel, a new version of the Gnome desktop, improved windowing and graphics layers, and a number of default configuration tweaks, nearly everything about Hardy Heron feels snappier and more responsive than the previous version. Windows and menus feel less sluggish, disk access is improved, and programs launch more quickly. The OS even boots faster. Throw in the new, Windows-friendly installer, and Ubuntu becomes especially attractive to novice Linux users.

Desktop Virtualization
VirtualBox
A modular VM solution that lends itself to integration and customization, VirtualBox supports Windows, Mac OS X, and various Linux distributions as hosts while providing a VMware-like laundry list of supported guest OSes. With version 1.5.0, VirtualBox introduced seamless windows, a knock-off of the Coherence and Unity features of Parallels and VMware Fusion, respectively. The VirtualBox implementation, however, represents the first time the capability has been available under both Windows and Linux.

Server Virtualization
Xen
The pundits like to say that virtual machine monitors, or hypervisors, are becoming a commodity, and Xen is the reason why. Now a mature Version 3.2, the server virtualization platform for Linux supports a wide range of hardware and 32-bit and 64-bit Windows, Linux, Solaris, and BSD guests, providing a wealth of options for server consolidation. Xen is even pushing into advanced VMware territory with live VM migration, a feat unavailable to users of Microsoft’s Hyper-V.

=================================================
source: http://weblog.infoworld.com

Best of open source software awards: Productivity applications

Best of open source software awards: Productivity applications
Bossie winners for sound editing, 3D modeling, Web browser, image editing, PDF creation, and office productivity suite

By Doug Dineley

August 5, 2008

The InfoWorld Bossies are chosen annually by Test Center editors, analysts, and reviewers. The winners represent the best free and open source software we've used. Our choices for productivity applications were led by contributing editor Mike Heck, with an assist from the "Office killer," senior analyst Curtis Franklin Jr.
Got an open source favorite we missed? Please send us a note.

Sound Editing
Audacity
Audacity can handle up to 16 channels at once (with the right hardware) and dubs over specific tracks to create multi-track recordings. Basic editing is straightforward, and the usability extends to advanced features, which range from a drawing tool to alter individual sample points to the envelope tool for smoothly fading volume up or down. If you want to do more, Audacity’s effects let you change pitch, remove background noises, and alter frequencies with an equalizer – which is aided by a spectrogram mode for visualizing frequencies.

3D Modeling
Blender
Blender is a consummate example of the influence and opportunity for open source. Backed by a truly global developer and user community, the 3D modeling and rendering suite runs on Windows, Linux, OS X, Irix, and FreeBSD – a breadth of platform support unmatched by commercial offerings. It lacks some of the features and polish of commercial counterparts, but its pluggable raytracing engine offers zippy rendering. Microsoft’s Caligari trueSpace – just made freely available (though not open sourced) – is the only worthy rival.

Web Browser
Mozilla Firefox
Easy and extensible, Firefox has set new standards for the Web browser with the recent 3.0 release. The new look is more streamlined, less clunky, and the active elements such as the newly retooled location bar offer a new way to work with the Web. Security is not only far better than any other browser, but also less intrusive than you might expect. And the ease-of-use additions, such as the ability to save a session on exit and the wonderfully implemented full-page zoom, are instant winners.

Image Editing
GIMP
Just as Adobe Photoshop owns the commercial space for graphics creation, GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is the top choice for photo retouching and image composition on X Windows systems. GIMP gives you a wealth of functions that nearly match high-cost applications. Complex tasks such as correcting perspective and color are effortless. Other advanced functions include clone (to get rid of unneeded details) and touchup using the healing feature. The software supports both common file formats and unusual ones (including multi-resolution Windows icons).

Productivity Suite
OpenOffice.org
OpenOffice.org is the granddaddy of Microsoft Office alternatives. Its open-source roots show in a set of features and functionality that is perfectly at home in the multi-platform, equation-heavy atmosphere of research and academe. For businesses, the only features that seem significantly lacking are those for collaborating with multiple authors. If you're looking for a single set of productivity apps that can work on a wide variety of operating systems, then OpenOffice.org is a well-supported, mature solution.

PDF Creation
PDFCreator
At last count, we discovered more than 50 open source or free options to create PDF portable documents. Some are available within other products including OpenOffice.org. If you want a Windows standalone application, PDFCreator should handle the job; it creates PDFs from any program that’s able to print. Plus, you can merge multiple files into one PDF, encrypt the resulting file, and adjust other settings, such as disallowing printing. The software also generates images of documents along with native PostScript files. And for large organizations, PDFCreator plays nice on Terminal Servers.

================================
source: http://weblog.infoworld.com

Ber-internet-an dengan HP CDMA ZTE C300

Keberadaan internet sudah menjadi makanan pokok bagi keseharian orang-orang. Bahkan seorang teman penulis pernah mengatakan, sehari tidak berinternet membuat hidup terasa hampa. :D~~. Dan sedikit banyak orang  kecanduan dalam memperoleh informasi melalui internet karena selain informasi yang disajikan selain cukup aktual, namun juga secara cepat informasi didapatkan dalam hitungan menit. Bagi si pemberi informasi tidak perlu lagi harus ke tempat percetakan untuk sekedar memberi tahu kepada khalayah bahwa terdapat informasi baru yang menarik. Yups, seperti intro-nya harus di bedakan menjadi artikel tersendiri. :D~~ Bisa bisa penulis keasikan membuat intro sampai tutorial ini habis. :D~ Seperti biasa, untuk tutorial linux kali ini penulis akan mencoba menjelaskan tidak secara terperinci namun mudah-mudahan jelas.
HP yang penulis gunakan adalah Samsung ZTE C300 yang telah dipaketkan dengan Fren ( waktu penulis beli seharga 388 ribu ). Relatif murah namun dapat diandalkan. Perlu diketahui penulis telah melakukan test di lingkungan UBUNTU 8.04 ( hardy heron ). Ubuntu sendiri bisa anda dapatkan di http://shipit.ubuntu.org . Dan satu lagi yang dibutuhkan yaitu kabel usb yang biasa digunakan untuk kamera digital ataupun card reader.
Langsung saja pasang kabel usbnya.

Penginstallan modul driver hp zte c300 dilakukan dalam mode root.
( perhatian : perintah yang diketikkan hanya yang di beri cetak tebal /bold )

Untuk mendeteksi apakah usb dan handphone telah terpasang dengan benar
root@alk-linux:/home/alk# lsusb

tampilan di layar anda mungkin sedikit berbeda ....

Bus 005 Device 003: ID 064e:a100 Suyin Corp.
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 
Bus 002 Device 006: ID 05c6:3197 Qualcomm, Inc. CDMA Wireless Modem/Phone
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 15ca:00c3 
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 

disini terlihat jelas hp cdma zte c300 dideteksi sebagai Wireless Modem.
Setelah terdeteksi langsung saja install modul yang cocok untuk driver modem hp diatas.

root@alk-linux:/home/alk# sudo modprobe usbserial vendor=0x05c6 product=0x3197

kemudian cek, apakah sudah terdeteksi dengan baik ...
root@alk-linux:/home/alk#  dmesg

kira-kira tampilannya seperti ini
[ 2912.143117] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial
[ 2912.143842] /build/buildd/linux-2.6.24/drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.c: USB Serial support registered for generic
[ 2912.144546] usbserial_generic 2-1:1.0: generic converter detected
[ 2912.145274] usb 2-1: generic converter now attached to ttyUSB0
[ 2912.145663] usbserial_generic 2-1:1.1: generic converter detected
[ 2912.146305] usb 2-1: generic converter now attached to ttyUSB1
[ 2912.146685] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic
[ 2912.146689] /build/buildd/linux-2.6.24/drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.c: USB Serial Driver core

Selanjutnya kita akan melakukan koneksi dengan menggunakan wvdial, secara default wvdial di ubuntuk 8.04 sudah terinstall dengan baik, namun jika belum terinstall ...
root@alk-linux:/home/alk# apt-get install wvdial

setelah selesai, langsung kita edit konfigurasi si wvdial untuk dapat melakukan koneksi internet.
root@alk-linux:/home/alk# gedit /etc/wvdial.conf &

tanda & itu hanyalah sebagai operand untuk menjalankan command yang ada tersebut secara background.

Yang perlu ditambahkan kedalam /etc/wvdial.conf adalah sebagai berikut :

[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Baud = 460800
Modem Type = USB Modem
New PPPD = yes
Modem=/dev/ttyUSB0
ISDN=0
Phone=#777
Username = m8
Password = m8
Stupid Mode = yes

Setelah di save, langsung di coba ...

root@alk-linux:/home/alk# wvdial

--> WvDial: Internet dialer version 1.60
--> Cannot get information for serial port.
--> Initializing modem.
--> Sending: ATZ
ATZ
OK
--> Sending: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
OK
--> Modem initialized.
--> Sending: ATDT#777
--> Waiting for carrier.
ATDT#777
CONNECT
--> Carrier detected.  Starting PPP immediately.
--> Starting pppd at Thu Jun 12 13:04:41 2008
--> Pid of pppd: 6992
--> Using interface ppp0
--> pppd: ��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> pppd: ��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> pppd: ��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> pppd: ��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> local  IP address 10.66.30.173
--> pppd: ��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> remote IP address 192.168.240.83
--> pppd: ��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> primary   DNS address 202.171.1.18
--> pppd: ��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> secondary DNS address 202.171.1.2
--> pppd: ��[06][08]H�[06][08]


jika terdapat tampilan seperti ini maka anda sudah dapat berinternet ria .. :D~~

root@alk-linux:/home/alk# ifconfig
...
...
ppp0      Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol 
          inet addr:10.66.30.173  P-t-P:192.168.240.83  Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:3
          RX bytes:64 (64.0 B)  TX bytes:97 (97.0 B)



Selamat mencoba.

Greetz : b_scorpio, phii_, safril, fadli, minangmedia, dr.emi, ilmuwebsite community. :D
Hi My Jojo :-). Have a nice day.


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